Improvement in windlasses and capstans



lf-Sheets---Sheet 3.

n. r1.3. comu, 1r. Windlass andGapstan.

Patented Sept. 28,1875.

N. PETERS, PHOTD-LIYHOGRIFHER. WASHINGTON. D C.

v 4Sheets-Sheelt4. n, n.. s. conm, 1r.. `windlalss and Gaps,t`an.

Patented sept.2s,1s75.

N.PETER5. FHOTO-LTHOGRPNER. WASHINGTON D, C.

MNITEDA STATES PATENT OFFICE is a specification to, and other parts.

' DAVID NQB. ooEEIN, JE., 0E NEWTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

` IMPROVEMENT lN WINDLASSES AND CAPSTANS.

Specification,formingpartofV Letters Patent No. 1.68,! 39, dated September 28, 1875; application filed April 22, 1874.' l

ie it known that I, DAVID N. GOFFIN, Jr., ot' Boston, residentin the city of N ewton,

county of Middlesex and State of Massachu seits, haveinvented an Improvemellt in Capstans and Windlasses, ofV Which the following This invention comprises improvements in or upon the several parts of capstans and "findlasses previously Well known, the usual construction of which is fully shown in previons patents granted to myself and others, 4which renders 1t unnecessary in this specification to describe the well-known construction rtuch machines further than to show the ap- ,mcatlon and use of these present improve- `ments, the nature, construction, and use of which I will proceed to describe, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a vertical centralsection of a capstan constructed soas to operate, first, by means of` a crank or cranks and screws When great power is required, and, second, by simple levers when speed rather than power is required. Fig. 2 is an inverted plan of the head, showin gthe screws, &c. Fig. 3 is aplan ofthe capstan-barrel With nut or internal gear a, into which meshthe screws b, andthe deckplate below. Fig, 4 shows the improved de-` vice for holding up the capstan-pawls when not in use. Fig. `5 shows two views ofthe part h of the same device. Fig. 6 is a view of the same device shown` transversely to the 4view in Fig. 4. Fig. 7 comprises three views of the improved device for operating the friction strap or brake, Which is used both for letting ont and for `holding on to the anchor chain or cable. Figs. 8 and 9 aresficwsof the improved center-bearing for Windlasses Figs. 8 and 1() also illustrate thenimproved elastic clutch, which relieves the dangerous strainsl caused bythe surgesof the anchor-chain.

Fig. 11 is a plan, and Fig. l2 is a sectional elevation, of Windlass, showing the improvement of fixed non-rotating spindles a u, and

other parts relating thereto.` Figs. 16, 1T, and 18 illustrate thc improved upright rollerbit, the arrangement of the cable in relation there- 19 is al Sectional elevation with details, illustrating improvements in the brake-lever beam, ratchet and lock- .bolt mechauism, and chain guard and guide combined. Fig. 20 comprises several detail yviews illustrative of the same.

Fig. 21 illustrates the chain guard and guide 41 and 42, the lever-beam 30, and links.

The co-operation of the capstan x, as 'shown l i in Figs. 11 and l2, to drive the Windlass, ar-

ranged with upright spindles, as there illustrated, is hereinafter set forth, and the employment of the capstan, constructed With a screwpurchase, (shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3,) in `the same Way, needs no further explanation than that it has for that purpose the gear 7 cast upon Vthe barrel c.

The capstan, as shown in either figure, is

designed and used for driving 'the' horizontal Ashaft-Windlass of Figs. 16 to 21, inclusive. This application of the capstan to co-operate in driving the Windlass is sol fully illustrated` in my former patents (No. 139,872, June 17,

1873; December 21, 1869; reissueNo. 4,455,` July 4, 1871; November 27, 1866; reissue,

August 16, 1870, No. 4,100, and July 2, 1867,

No. 66,299) that I need not more particularly describe it than to say that the shaft is keyed -to the caiistan-barrel and extended in the usual manner, and the connection formed by means of the center-bearing of Figs. 8 and 9, andthe elastic connection vof Figs. 8 and. 10, hereinafter more fully described, as shown in.-

the patents referred to, space being .reserved `at the middle of the windlass-shai't for these connections, as usual, in which case they co-y operate with the brakes or lever-purchases, or

operate without their aid, at pleasure, and. that when the screw-purchase, shown in Fig. 1,

85e., is used in the capstan to drive the windlass, the capstan-pawls are let into action to stop the rotation ofthe capstan-barrel; but

when the lever-purchase is used, these pawls may be up or down, as preferred.

spindle e and its deck-plate.

vided with a bar, g.

to some stationary object when the screwpower is to be used.l so as to hold the head` stationary, but may represent a-vhand-lever for the past purchase, When that is required,.- ,but in cases Where the fast purchase is not redriven by the shaft f. The shaftf may be turned by the crank, as shown, or other means. When the shaft turns the screws are rotated,

giving impulse to the barrel, thehead being.

held stationary, as above mentioned. In case of required simple purchase, or speed instead ot' power, the head and barrel may be operated like a simple capstan directly by the handlevers g. The holding-up device for the capstan-pawls (see Figs. 4, 5, 6) consists of the hinged support or holder h, jointedv to `the capstan-barrel c.' .The holder can be turned up, as shown in dotted line, Fig. 6, when not in use; but when thrown down, as shown in Figs. 4 and 6, it maintains an approximately horizontal position, and will hold up two pawls very securely, as see Fig. 4. When turned up the pawls drop freely past it and itsconnection to the barrel.

The-improved center-bearing of Figs. 8 and 9 is usedto support the upright shaft m, which gives impulse, through suitable gear-wheels, to the horizontal windlass-shaft o, andas a guide or bearing for the latter shaft o. It has a step for shaft m' and bars n in suitable mortises or holes, which bars n pass through the necking of shaft m to prevent its rising, and,

vWhere such movement is required, they permit it to have a mot-ion in the direction ot their length. These bars n are notched, so that the ends of button n enter the notches and keep them in place. When they are to be removed the screw upon ,whichY thebutton u turns is loosened, the button turned into an upright position, yrwhich frees them.

,y In consequence of the severe surges to which a ships windlass is subjected, they are often disabled by breaking. vThe cable-chain is also often parted from the same cause. The elastic clutchof Figs. 8 and 10, and 11 and l2, comprising the four elastic cushions l, constitutes an improvement in windlass mechanism Y adapted to overcome the dangers named Figs. 8 and 10, also Figs. 11 and 12, show the arrangement and combination of the two pairs or four elastic cushions in relation to the driving and driven parts ofthe gear. Whichever way the surge comes, whether direct strain forward or backlash, in any case, two of the cushions come into operation at once, giving` substantial relief to the parts and to the cable. With reference to Figs.4 and 10, the shaft m or gear j are the driving parts, and the gear k the driven, between which the springs l are interposed.

j The improved device for working the friction strap or brake of Fi. 7 comprises the combination of lever-socketp, its cam hinged to screwrod q, and nut fr, connected to the friction strap or brake. When the lever-socketp/ is turned down, as dotted, it is used to adjust the screw q otherwise the lever q is inserted in the socket p', for the purpose of operating its cam, and so strainingor applying the friction-brake, or relieving it, as occasion requires. In Figs. 11 and 12, u u are iixed or non-rotating spindies, secured-in a suitable base or deck plate, in connection .with which is also arranged the capstan m', provided with'a gear, 7. On the spindles u u are mounted corresponding gears -5van`d 6.- Motion vis communicated from the capstau to the gears 5 or 6, at pleasure, by means of intermediate gears 2, 3, and 4., either ot' which may be lifted olf their spindles at pleasure by means of an attached bail or handle, Afor the purpose of disconnecting gear 7 from either 5 or 6, or both. AnotherV gear, 1, plays into gear 2, and is provided with a chain messenger-wheel, 46,' by means of the elastic :power from an engine or other agent may be communicated through a chain-messenger or other belt to drive either the capstan alone, or, through it, either ot the gears 6 5. The capstan may also be operated at pleasure by hand-levers. United to the gears 5 6 each is a friction-plate, from which projects the sleeve 8, which is fitted to turn freely on the spindle u, and on4 which is Vfitted to turn freely the chain-wheel o, also provided with a frictionplate corresponding to the one attached to gears 5 and 6. In the friction -plates are formed concentric grooves, so that the ridges (as see 9, Fig. 16,) or so arranged as to receive friction-rings, (as see 9, Fig. 12,) which rings may remain entire, or be cut in sections. The sleeves 8 are formed into a screw at the end remote from the friction-plate, and are fitted with a suitable nut-wheel, 24, between which and the part acted on by the nut is interposed an' anti-friction washer or washers. The collar 25 in Fig. 12 'serves to lift the up- *per friction-plate when the nut is unscrewed. Pawls 10 (see Figs. 1l and 12) will yretain the gears 5 6, being counterbalanced inside the bed-plate. A set being furnished to operate in either direction, whenV one set is used, a pin may be used to hold the other out of action. When the nut-Wheel 24 is screwed against the part bearing the near friction-plate, friction is produced between the plates to a greater or less degree,'regulated by the force app\lied to -screw it, and by this means the chain-wheels may be made to revolve or lrotate with the gear 5 or 6, or be allowed to slip more or less at pleasure, and so control the letting out of the anchor chain or 'cable' carried by the chainwheel o. ,A convenient'arrangement of the anchor-cable is shown in Fig. 11, but others may be used. The cable-Stoppers may be 1ocated as shown in Fig. 11, or may be placed vbetween the chain-wheel and deck-pipe. The windlass issubjected to less strain when 1oclutch l, elsewhere described, so that the of one plate may iit the grooves of the other,

i cated' as ih Eigen.- `rhe messenger-wheel 4c Eusarranged to be lifted `oiflwhen not `in luse, as

" alsogear 1. f

. the chaineasilyfaround the bit. By thisarrangemeut and construction I pre-` In Fig. 18 the anchor-chain` is shown passl king directly from`theanchor and hawse-hole lover chain-wheel29, around and forward underneath it thence around the vertical roller 26, and thence aft to the deck-chain pipe.-

Figs. 16, 17, and 18lillust'rate the improvements `adapting lthe windlass to this most convenient arrangement of the anchor-chain, and

also the friction mechanismalready referred to, as see 9, Fig. 16, and9, Fig. 12.v i The base of l .fthe bit is made broad, giving `stability, and

the upright roll 26 introduced, so as tocarry serve the lifting actionI of the'windlass on thechain as it comes in :through the hawsepipe to the top'of` the windlass, and also get thel hold.

tween the rolll26 and the deck-pipe,or` beit with facility around the bit low down out of the way, and draw it aft in partor whole by the weightof the *chain passingdown into A chain-stopper maybe located between the windlass and hawse-pipe. A yielding pawl, 50, Figsl 17 and 18, may be applied, `as shown,vto`the pawl wheel or `drum 43. This pawl is similar to :that in my Patent No'.

139,873, zFigs. 2, 8, and` 4, butis not, like that, applied to the chain-lugs of the `chain-wheel directly. l

I will here explain'that the friction mechanism forcolitrolling movements of the anchor-chain is shown, as `before i alluded to, in

both Fig. 12 and Figs.` 16 and 17, to-show its "adaptation to different forms of the windlassf f The screw sleeve,. nut-wheel, and grooved plates are common, to both, with or without the friction-rings shown at 9, Fig. 12; also, the separate construction of vthe chain-wheel from its adjoining friction-wheel and pawl wheel or drum, with their automatic interlocking shoulders or recesses and projections, are

shown, the first in Fig. 19 and the latter inv Figs. 16 andl7, showing the applicability of this' feature to different forms of windlass.

` With reference to'Figs. 19, 20, and 2l, the

windlass-shaft 46 has the chain wheel or bar- 4projections formed ou each, as shown in Fig.

19. Friction-'wheel 38 is provided with a sliding lock-bolt, 40, (see also details same Fig. 19,) by which it may at pleasure be connected to, or disconnected from, the internal ratchet or pawl Wheel 36, which is keyed to the shaft 46.

A wheel or lever, 34,35, covers the hollow side or face of wheel 36, and carries one or more Vpairs of reversely-op'erating pawls, (see Fig.

20,) which, by a vibratorymovement of lever 34, 35, gives' rotary motion to wheel 36 and shaft 46 in one or the other direction, accordingly as one or the other set of pawls is let 'intoaction. The pawls have external ends or weights, which assist their action, (seeFig.

20,) and by which they may teinte@ and s,-

cured out of action by means of a' pin, as shown, or otherwise. A beam, 30, is shown applicable to anylever-vpurchase windlass. Its peculiarities are through lever-sockets, which are arranged `obliquelyto each other, so that levers of great length may be used by pushing in or drawing out as long or short levers to vary the purchase and accommodate wide or narrow decks, so also that, the beam vbeing setfhigh,the levers may be inserted in the drooping end ofthe `sockets to bring them suitably low, or when the beam is set high may be inserted in the elevated ends of the sockets, causing them to range at a suitable height; and, further, the 'attachment of the links to the beam is made by means of T- shaped male'and female parts. In the drawing,l Figs. 20 and 21, the beam is provided with `the slot orj'emale member, while the link 31 or block 32 is formed to fit the slot in a corresponding T-shaped f0rm,`which may bedenoted the male part. These parts-the male and female-may, however, be `transposed, the beam being provided with the solid or male part, and the. lblock orA link provided with the suitable T-shaped slot to fit it. This mode of connecting the link andbeamiis simple, inexpensive, and very strong and safe, and affords all desirable facility for adjustment while in operation, and avoids danger of accidental disconnecting while in operation. i

VAt 33 is shown an elastic link-connection between the lever-beam and the primary lever of the windlass, 33 indicating the spring of rubber or other elastic material. This` gives ease of action to the hand-levers and the windlass generally. This link as well as the beam is applicable to all lever-power windlasses. The adjustment of th'e link 3l or block 32 relatively to the center of the beam may be made secure by the use of pins or set-screws.

Through-bolts are inadmissible, as it would involve an'open slotl transversely in the beam,

which would result in weakness and danger of breakage. Y

The improved chain-guard 41 and guide 42 illustrated in Fig. 2l is intended, by its unitary construction and consequent fixed relative adjustment, to overcome the evils of maladjustment, 'which are constantly causing trouble.

` The combined construction reduces the cost 2. The combination of the two screws lathe,

two gears, and shaft fv with the head of the capstan. i

3. The pawl-holder h, hinged to the capstan, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. The combination of shortle'ver-'socket l p', itscam hinged to the screw-rod q, made to turn in the deck, and nut 1', attached to the friction brake or strap of a windlass, substantially as shown and described.'

5. The arrangement and combination of two sets of elastic cushions between and with the driving and driven parts of the act` uating or impelling mechanism of a windlass, substantially as shown antigljescribed.

6. The center-bearing constructed with step and bars u for upright shaft, and the rest or bearing for the horizontal shaft, substantially as shown.

7. The combination of the two fixed nonrotating spindles u u with the chain-wheels or Windlass-barrels o, the capstan, and suitable connecting-gears, substantially as shown.

8. The combination of the two fixed non-rotating spindles u u, the chain-Wheels or windlass-barrels fu, and the messenger-wheel 46 with suitable connecting-gears, substantially as shown.

9. The combination of the capstan .fr and the messenger-wheel 46 with suitable connecting-gear, substantially as shown.

(see Fig. 12,) in combination with the grooved.

friction-plates.

12. In a windlass, the arrangement' of an anchor-chain to engage with the chain-wheel at its lower forward side, extend around aft and upward, leaving the periphery on the upper forward side for the haWse-pipe and an chor, in combination with a turn around the forward side of the bit as it passes from the deck-pipe tothe windlass.

4 7 issues 13. 'The' upright 'rollerY 26, in combination with the windlass-bit and. the arrangement of the cable or anchor-chain, as .shown and claimed above.

14`. The combination ofthe pawl 50, located yforward of the windlass, with the-chain-wheel with the T-section-shaped connection to the 4wheel 34, in combination with the ratchetwheel 36, substantially as shown.

21. The construction of the chain-guard'and chain-guide in one article for the double use, substantially as described. v

22. The chain wheel or barrel 29 and pawlwheel 43, constructed separately, and automatically clutched together by projections and recesses or shoulders, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

D. N. B. ooFFIN, JR.

Witnesses:

BENJAMIN WooDWARD, THADDEUS RICHARDSON. 

